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The woodwind sections of orchestras and concert bands consist of woodwind instruments, and is one of the main sections of both ensembles. They contain instruments given Hornbostel-Sachs classifications of 421 (edge-blown aerophones, commonly known as ''flutes'') and 422 (reed aerophones), but exclude 423 (brass instruments). ==Orchestra== The woodwind section of the late 19th-century symphony orchestra (for instance, in compositions by Wagner, Brahms, Bruckner, Tchaikovsky, and Richard Strauss) typically includes: flutes (sometimes with one doubling piccolo), oboes (sometimes with one doubling cor anglais), clarinets (sometimes with one doubling bass clarinet and/or another doubling E-flat clarinet), bassoons (sometimes with one doubling contrabassoon).〔Apel, Willi, ed., ''Harvard Dictionary of Music'', Second Edition, pp. 604-5. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1969. SBN 674375017.〕 The section might also on occasion be supplemented with saxophones.〔 In the early part of the 20th century the woodwinds (as well as other sections) were often considerably expanded. For example, Mahler in his Symphony No. 8 (1910) employs 2 piccolos, 4 flutes, 4 oboes, cor anglais, 2 E-flat clarinets, 3 B-flat clarinets, bass clarinet, 4 bassoons, and contrabassoon.〔 After World War I, the number of instruments was often reduced, approaching the size of a chamber orchestra, with individual instrument combinations differing for each composition. The change can be illustrated by comparing two works by Stravinsky: ''The Rite of Spring'' (1911–1913) with a large woodwinds section similar to the above and his ''Histoire du soldat'' (1918), which only utilizes one clarinet and one bassoon.〔 The woodwind section of the orchestra today, at a minimum consists of: * Two flutes * Two oboes * Two soprano clarinets * Two bassoons For early classical music, the clarinets and/or flutes may be omitted. The principal oboist is traditionally the section leader. The evolution of this section can be seen over Mozart's Symphonies. His earlier symphonies required only the oboes, while his final symphony required the entire above listing. When emulating the classical style, Sergei Prokofiev used the above combination in his First Symphony. The woodwind section of the orchestra may also include: * Piccolo (often played by the second or third flute) * Alto flute (often played by a flute player) * Bass flute (often played by a flute player) * Oboe d'amore (usually played by an oboist) * Cor anglais or English horn (sometimes played by an oboist but commonly by a specialist cor anglais player) * Bass oboe or Heckelphone (usually played by an oboist) * E-flat clarinet (often played by a clarinet player) * Basset horn (often played by a clarinet player) * Bass clarinet (often played by a clarinet player) * Contrabassoon or double bassoon (often played by a bassoon player) * Soprano saxophone * Alto saxophone * Tenor saxophone * Baritone saxophone 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Woodwind section」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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